Endocrine disorders, such as hyperthyroidism in cats or Cushing’s disease in dogs, can cause extreme restlessness, vocalization, and anxiety-like symptoms. The Evolution of the Low-Stress Clinic

| Species | Technique | |---------|------------| | | Towel wrap (“purrito”), use of cat muzzle (only if necessary), no overhead reaching | | Dog | Muzzle training prior to visit, nonslip mat, high-value treats, avoid direct stare | | Rabbit | Support hindquarters, never scruff without supporting body, dim lighting | | Horse | Recognize tension (tail swishing, pinned ears), use positive reinforcement for hoof handling |

But in the 21st century, that model has shattered. A growing body of research has confirmed what observant pet owners and progressive vets have always suspected:

When a behavioral issue is strictly psychological, a structured treatment plan is required.

Avoiding direct eye contact, towering over the animal, or making sudden movements.