: Laps, seams, and unfavorable grain flow.

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[Field Collection & Digital Documentation] │ ▼ [Visual & Macroscopic Inspection] │ ▼ [Nondestructive Testing (NDT) / Evaluation] │ ▼ [Destructive Metallographic Testing] │ ▼ [Microscopic Analysis (SEM / EDS)] │ ▼ [Final Synthesis & Prevention Strategy]

: Analysis of pitting, crevice corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, and stress-corrosion cracking.