They let sound escape efficiently, producing a loud, clear, and bright tone. They must be placed further down the instrument body to achieve the correct pitch.
This is the single most important concept in tonehole design. The is the upper limit above which open toneholes no longer behave like simple length-shorteners; instead, they become inefficient radiators. They let sound escape efficiently, producing a loud,
The clarinet overblows a 12th (×3 frequency) because the third harmonic is the first overtone present. The flute and saxophone overblow an octave (×2). Any cylindrical bore with a reed (like a hypothetical clarinet with a reed at both ends) would behave like an open-open tube—but that doesn't exist in nature. They let sound escape efficiently