of animals, particularly those under human control. It is grounded in scientific assessment and seeks to minimize suffering while providing for an animal's physical and mental needs. Cambridge University Press & Assessment The Five Freedoms: This widely accepted framework, originating from the 1965 Brambell Report , outlines the minimum requirements for animal well-being: Freedom from hunger and thirst. Freedom from discomfort. Freedom from pain, injury, or disease. Freedom to express normal behaviour. Freedom from fear and distress. Pragmatism:
Mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, and primates are subjected to toxicological tests, genetic modifications, and psychological experiments. of animals, particularly those under human control
Providing an appropriate environment, including shelter and a comfortable resting area. Freedom from discomfort
Animal welfare is based on the premise that it is morally acceptable for humans to use animals, provided their physical and mental needs are met. Freedom from fear and distress